molecularsciences.org

UNIX is a very powerful operating system which has been around for more than 30 years. Initially, it was primarily been used by industry and academia. However, since Linux, anyone can have a UNIX system installed on their computer. Having UNIX on your computer is like having an industry strength product. Much of the Internet still runs on UNIX.

Since UNIX has been in the academia for decades, much of its software is available for free. In addition, there is no shortage of blogs full of helpful comments.

To concatenate cells in Excel, you can either use the concatenation() function or the & symbol. If

A1 = Hello
A2 = World

then

=A1&A2

will produce

HelloWorld

and

=concatenate(A1," ",A2)

will produce

Hello World

If the concatenation is not working, then make sure that the format of A1 and A2 is "text" and the format of the cell with the concatenation function/formula is "general".

This error is caused if the size of your file is larger than the allowed filesize. Suppose the system has a limit of 1 Gb. If you tar and zip twenty 100 Mb files, then the size of the tarred file would be approximately 2 Gb. So the system would give you this error:

tar: 0511-194 Reached end-of-file before expected

To solve this problem, you would need to increase your filesize or remove the limitation as follows:

$ vi /etc/security/limits

Change fsize = -1 and save file

To show line numbers in Eclipse or RAD, following these steps:

1. Click on Windows > Preferences
2. Click on General > Editors > Text Editors
3. Check "Show line numbers"

To shutdown:

sudo shutdown -h now

To restart

sudo shutdown -r now

Java provides a number of classes and methods that allow to read and write files. In Java all files are byte-oriented. Two of the most often-used stream classes are FileInputStream and FileOutputStream, which create byte streams linked to files.

1. To open a file, simple create an object of one of the classes specifying the name of the file as an argument to the constructor.
2. Use close() to close the file

Syntax

Suppose you need to call some JavaScript code on your page such as:

  <script src"somecode.js"></script>

However, the somecode.js is different based on other parameters on your page. So you would need to pass a variable rather than the static string to the src. If you just replace somecode.js, with a variable name, you code will not be called.

The following example shows how you can manipulate DOM to define src so that your code runs.

The Mac OS keyboard does not have a print screen button. So this is how to capture your screen on Mac:

• Hold down Apple key ? + Shift + 3 and release all

The screen shot would appear on your desktop.

You can also do a screen capture for a portion of your screen.

• Hold down Apple key ? + Shift + 4 and release all key
• Mouse cursor would change to +
• Select the region you wish to capture

Easy.

On development systems it is common practice to have different log file to log PHP error logs for different tools and different versions of the same tool. Generally it is a good idea to use meaningful names to make it easy to distinguish between the log files. If you have doubts, you can either look inside the code to see which error log file is being called or do the following:

$ cd ~
$ ls -al /var/log/httpd before.diff

Run the tool such that it would write something to the log file. Then

It is now common for users to work with multiple monitors. Laptop users, especially, prefer to work on their laptop screen and an external monitor when at they at work or at home. If you are using netflix or some other service to download movies, you would prefer to watch it on large screen rather than your laptop screen, so you would want to connect your computer to a TV or projector.

It is very easy to connect Mac OS computers to external monitors.